{"id":460,"date":"2014-09-28T18:50:40","date_gmt":"2014-09-28T18:50:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lingvistika.si\/?p=460"},"modified":"2014-09-28T18:51:47","modified_gmt":"2014-09-28T18:51:47","slug":"kako-resujemo-naloge-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lingvistika.si\/?p=460","title":{"rendered":"Kako re\u0161ujemo naloge 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V \u010detrtek je bilo \u0161olsko tekmovanje iz logike in malo poenostavljeno\u00a0<a title=\"Svahilij\u0161\u010dina\" href=\"https:\/\/lingvistika.si\/?page_id=457\">nalogo iz svahilij\u0161\u010dine<\/a>, ki so jo re\u0161evali v 8. in 9. razredu, bom izkoristila ta teden za nov nasvet za re\u0161evanje nalog.<\/p>\n<p>Poglejmo si najprej nalogo. Podano imamo ednino, mno\u017eino in pomen besede.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>ednina<\/th>\n<th>mno\u017eina<\/th>\n<th>prevod<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0chai<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0chai<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0\u010daj<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0moyo<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0mioyo<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0srce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mtoto<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0watoto<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0mal\u010dek<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0nazi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0nazi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0kokosov oreh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mgongo<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0migongo<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0hrbet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0kahawa<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0kahawa<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0kava<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mkulima<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0wakulima<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0kmet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mnazi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0minazi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0kokosovo drevo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mpishi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0wapishi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0kuhar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0chumvi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0chumvi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0sol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mmea<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0mimea<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0rastlina<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mkono<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0mikono<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0roka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0njugu<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0njugu<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0mu\u0161katni oreh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Kadar imamo podani dve obliki iste besede, to pomeni, da moramo poiskati, do kak\u0161nih sprememb pride med obema oblikama in poiskati pravila za te spremembe.<\/p>\n<p>Najprej gremo od besede do besede in pogledamo, kak\u0161na sprememba se je zgodila.<\/p>\n<p>V prvi besedi ni nobene spremembe.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0chai<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0chai<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0\u010daj<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>V drugi besedi pri mno\u017eini dodamo na drugo mesto \u010drko i.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0moyo<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0mioyo<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0srce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>V tretji besedi pri mno\u017eini se prva \u010drka spremeni v wa.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mtoto<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0watoto<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0mal\u010dek<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>V \u010detrti besedi ni nobene spremembe.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0nazi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0nazi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0kokosov oreh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Tako pregledamo vse besede in ugotovimo, da se dogajajo tri vrste sprememb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ni nobene spremembe<\/li>\n<li>na drugo mesto v besedi dodamo \u010drko i<\/li>\n<li>prva \u010drka besede se spremeni v wa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdaj, ko smo ugotovili, kak\u0161ne spremembe se dogajajo, moramo \u0161e ugotoviti, od \u010desa je odvisna ta sprememba &#8211; kak\u0161no je pravilo. Najla\u017eje bo, \u010de si tabelo zdaj preuredimo tako, da bodo skupaj besede za vsako od sprememb:<\/p>\n<p>Ni nobene spremembe:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0chai<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0chai<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0\u010daj<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0nazi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0nazi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0kokosov oreh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0kahawa<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0kahawa<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0kava<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0chumvi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0chumvi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0sol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0njugu<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0njugu<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0mu\u0161katni oreh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Na drugo mesto v besedi dodamo \u010drko i:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0moyo<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0mioyo<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0srce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mgongo<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0migongo<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0hrbet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mnazi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0minazi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0kokosovo drevo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mmea<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0mimea<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0rastlina<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mkono<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0mikono<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0roka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Prva \u010drka besede se spremeni v wa:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mtoto<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0watoto<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0mal\u010dek<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mkulima<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0wakulima<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0kmet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mpishi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0wapishi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0kuhar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Ker gre za spremembe \u010drk, najbr\u017e najprej pomislimo, da bo to odvisno od\u00a0sosednjih \u010drk. Ker se spremembe dogajajo na za\u010detku, najprej pogledamo prvo \u010drko. Vidimo lahko, da se v prvi tabeli nobena beseda ne za\u010dne na m, v ostalih dveh pa vse.<\/p>\n<p>To nam lahko da prvo idejo: besede, ki se ne za\u010dnejo na m, ostanejo v mno\u017eini enake. Besede, ki se za\u010dnejo na m, pa se spremenijo po enem izmed dveh pravil. Ugotoviti moramo, po katerem.<\/p>\n<p>Poglejmo \u0161e drugo sosednjo \u010drko &#8211; to je druga \u010drka besede. Vidimo, da se kot druga \u010drka pojavi k v drugi in tretji tabeli, torej pravilo ne more biti odvisno od druge \u010drke.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mkono<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0mikono<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0roka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mkulima<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0wakulima<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0kmet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u010ce gledamo zdaj ve\u010dje dele besed, vidimo, da so si vsi razli\u010dni med seboj, kar pomeni, da bomo iz tega te\u017eko na\u0161li kako pravilo.<\/p>\n<p>Ostane nam le \u0161e, da pogledamo pomen besed. Vidimo, da so v drugi tabeli na\u0161teti deli telesa, drevo in rastlina, v tretji tabeli pa osebe. Za vsak slu\u010daj poglejmo \u0161e prvo tabelo, \u010deprav \u017ee imamo pravilo zanjo. V prvi tabeli so stvari, ki jih jemo. Vidimo torej, da lahko besede, ki imajo enako spremembo v mno\u017eini, damo v enako skupino po pomenu.<\/p>\n<p>Dobili smo torej pravila, ki jih lahko zapi\u0161emo na ve\u010d na\u010dinov. En od njih bi bil:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>v mno\u017eini ni nobene spremembe, kadar beseda predstavlja hrano<\/li>\n<li>v mno\u017eini se na drugo mesto napi\u0161e \u010drko i, kadar beseda predstavlja del telesa ali drevo ali rastlino (neu\u017eitni del rastline)<\/li>\n<li>v mno\u017eini se prva \u010drka spremeni v wa, kadar beseda predstavlja osebo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ker smo opazili, da se v drugi in tretji tabeli vse besede za\u010dnejo na m, bi lahko tudi to vklju\u010dili v opis pravil.<\/p>\n<p>Poglejmo, ali lahko zdaj po teh pravilih prevedemo vseh 5 primerov:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mti<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0miti<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0drevo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Beseda se za\u010dne na m in pomeni drevo, torej gre v drugo skupino in na drugo mesto se v mno\u017eini napi\u0161e \u010drko i.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>sukari<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0sukari<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0sladkor\u010dek<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Beseda se ne za\u010dne na m in pomeni hrano, torej gre v prvo skupino in v mno\u017eini ostane enaka.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mtofaa<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0mitofaa<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0jablana<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Beseda se za\u010dne na m in pomeni drevo, torej se v mno\u017eini na drugo mesto napi\u0161e \u010drko i.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0mguu<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0miguu<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0noga<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Beseda se za\u010dne na m in pomeni del telesa,\u00a0torej se v mno\u017eini na drugo mesto napi\u0161e \u010drko i.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0ndizi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0ndizi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0banana<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Beseda se ne za\u010dne na m in pomeni hrano, torej gre v prvo skupino in v mno\u017eini ostane enaka.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Upam, da vam je ta opis postopka re\u0161evanja v pomo\u010d. \u010ce bi \u017eeleli \u0161e ve\u010d takih nasvetov v \u017eivo, mi pi\u0161ite in dogovorili se bomo za delavnico ali in\u0161trukcije.<\/p>\n<p>Gabrijela<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V \u010detrtek je bilo \u0161olsko tekmovanje iz logike in malo poenostavljeno\u00a0nalogo iz svahilij\u0161\u010dine, ki so jo re\u0161evali v 8. in 9. razredu, bom izkoristila ta teden za nov nasvet za re\u0161evanje nalog. Poglejmo si najprej nalogo. Podano imamo ednino, mno\u017eino in pomen besede. ednina mno\u017eina prevod \u00a0chai \u00a0chai \u00a0\u010daj \u00a0moyo \u00a0mioyo \u00a0srce \u00a0mtoto \u00a0watoto \u00a0mal\u010dek &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/lingvistika.si\/?p=460\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Kako re\u0161ujemo naloge 2<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novice","category-oresevanju"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lingvistika.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/460","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lingvistika.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lingvistika.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lingvistika.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lingvistika.si\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=460"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/lingvistika.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/460\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":463,"href":"https:\/\/lingvistika.si\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/460\/revisions\/463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lingvistika.si\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=460"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lingvistika.si\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=460"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lingvistika.si\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=460"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}